Glaze Calculation in Software

Introduction

The purpose of this Topic is to list standardized constants, algorithms, and approaches to performing glaze calculation in software.

For more information about glaze calculation, please see https://wiki.glazy.org/t/introduction-to-glaze-calculation/

Molecular mass of common formulas

While in the studio there is no practical difference between the following measurements, ideally all software dealing with ceramics calculation should standardize on a specific set of molecular masses for common formulas in order to rule out inconsistencies.

References:

Comparison of values in various publications

Oxide Name PubChem CRC Handbook Digitalfire Glazy v1
Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide 101.96 101.961 102.000 101.96137
B2O3 Boron oxide 69.617 69.620 69.600 69.6217
BaO Barium Oxide 153.326 153.326 153.300 153.3271
BeO Berylium oxide 25.011 25.01158
CaO Calcium Oxide 56.077 56.077 56.100 56.0778
CdO Cadmium oxide 128.410 128.410 128.4104
CoO Cobalt(II) Oxide 74.932 74.932 74.920 74.93263
Cr2O3 Chromium(III) Oxide 151.989 151.990 152.000 151.99061
Cu2O Copper(I) Oxide 143.091 143.091 143.000 143.0914
CuO Copper(II) Oxide 79.545 79.545 79.540 79.5454
Fe2O3 Iron(III) Oxide 159.687 159.688 160.000 159.6887
FeO Iron(II) Oxide 71.844 71.844 81.800 71.8446
K2O Potassium oxide n/a 94.196 94.200 94.19605
Li2O Lithium Oxide 29.879 29.881 29.800 29.8818
MgO Magnesium Oxide 40.304 40.304 40.300 40.30449
MnO Manganese(II) oxide 70.937 70.937 70.900 70.93748
MnO2 Manganese(IV) oxide 86.936 86.937 86.900 86.93691
Na2O Sodium oxide 61.979 61.979 62.000 61.97897
NiO Nickel(II) oxide 74.692 74.692 74.700 74.69287
P2O5 Phosphorus(V) oxide 141.943 141.945 141.900 141.94467
PbO Lead(II) oxide 223.199 223.2 223.200 223.2094
SiO2 Silicon dioxide 60.083 60.085 60.100 60.08439
SnO2 Tin(IV) oxide 150.708 150.709 150.710 150.7096
SrO Strontium oxide 103.619 103.62 103.600 103.6204
TiO2 Titanium(IV) oxide 79.865 79.866 79.900 79.8660
V2O5 Vanadium(V) oxide 181.878 181.880 181.900 181.8800
ZnO Zinc Oxide 81.379 81.39 81.400 81.3814
ZrO Zirconium Oxide 107.200 107.2234
ZrO2 Zirconium(IV) oxide 123.222 123.223 123.220 123.2231

Standard CRC Values

All software should standardize on the values in the CRC handbook:

Oxide CRC Handbook
Al2O3 101.961
B2O3 69.620
BaO 153.326
BeO 25.011
CaO 56.077
CdO 128.410
CoO 74.932
Cr2O3 151.990
Cu2O 143.091
CuO 79.545
Fe2O3 159.688
FeO 71.844
K2O 94.196
Li2O 29.881
MgO 40.304
MnO 70.937
MnO2 86.937
Na2O 61.979
NiO 74.692
P2O5 141.945
PbO 223.2
SiO2 60.085
SnO2 150.709
SrO 103.62
TiO2 79.866
V2O5 181.880
ZnO 81.39
ZrO
ZrO2 123.223

Standard List Ordering of Oxides

SiO2 // Glass

Al2O3 // Intermediate
B2O3 // Glass

// Alkaline Earths
MgO // Flux
CaO // Flux
SrO // Flux
BaO // Flux

// Metallic oxide fluxes
ZnO // Flux
PbO // Flux

// Alkali Metals
Li2O // Flux
Na2O // Flux
K2O // Flux

BeO // Other

P2O5 // Glass
TiO2 // Glass

SnO2 // Opacifier
ZrO // Opacifier
ZrO2 // Opacifier

// Colorants
V2O5
Cr2O3
MnO
MnO2
FeO
Fe2O3
CoO
NiO
CuO
Cu2O
CdO

// Other
F

Representing Oxides in Software

Representing Ceramic Materials in Software

Representing Ceramic Recipes in Software

Using the Composite Pattern to represent Recipes

Calculating % Analysis

Calculating Mole % Analysis

Calculating UMF

Calculating Proximity in 2D (e.g. Si/Al)

Proximity of analyses using more than two oxides

Visualizing Elements & Oxides


http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/Color.an.html

https://books.google.com/books?id=TApnGTVLwxAC&pg=PA414&lpg=PA414&source=bl&ots=inO6PVO80R&sig=13CIoVPGa6iEMPlRuXBgsL6NfNI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3wYCquKfXAhUE1CYKHUfLBckQ6AEIQTAH#v=onepage&q=katz%20potters%20periodic%20table%20elements&f=false

Regarding the standard list of oxides, what do you think about moving the colourants that act as fluxes higher up? For example, should we group manganese and iron oxides with the alkaline earths?

This is going beyond my limited understanding. I guess it depends upon whether or not we start actually including these oxides as fluxes in the calculations. I’m going to have to defer to the glaze gurus.

I agree. It sounds like Matt doesn’t have data for Cu and Co yet, so maybe we should wait till their role has been clarified.